Author :
Abstract
Terörün kökenleri çok eski dönemlere dayanmasına rağmen literatürde kabul edilmiş bir terör tanımı bulunmamaktadır. 18. yüzyıldaki terör devletin resmi kurumlarını hedef alırken, zaman içinde terörün hedefi, eylem biçimleri ve gerçekleştiği mekân değişikliğe uğramıştır. Özellikle 11 Eylül 2001 İkiz Kule Saldırıları bir dönüm noktası olmuş, ‘yeni’ terörün hedef aldığı kitle giderek kentsel nüfus ve eylemlerin mekânları da kentler haline gelmiştir. Saldırılar sonrası özellikle mega kentlerde terör korkusu artmış ve buna yönelik çözüm arayışları gündeme gelmiştir. Terörle mücadelede geliştirilen çözüm yollarının bir süre sonra terör örgütleri tarafından fark edilmesi ve yeni yollar bularak kendilerini yeni duruma alıştırmaları, kentleri hedef alan yeni terörün karmaşık bir sorun haline gelmesine sebep olmuştur. Terörün kentleşmesi olgusunun karmaşık sorunlar bağlamında ele alınması gerekliliğinden hareketle kaleme alınan bu çalışmada, öncelikle konu ile ilgili bir kavramsal çerçeve çizilmekte, terör ve kent ilişkisine değinilmektedir. Ardından, terörün kentleşmesi olgusunun Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki örnekleri üzerinden, karmaşık sorunlarla bağlantısı kurulmakta, teröre karşı önleyici yaklaşımların neler olabileceği tartışılmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Although the origins of terrorism date back to ancient times, there is still no accepted definition in the literature today. While terrorism in the 18th century was taked aim at the official institutions of the state, in time the target of terrorism, its forms of action, and the place where it took place changed. In particular, the attacks on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, represented a turning point: The target group of the "new" terror gradually became the urban population, and the places where the actions were carried out became cities. After the attacks, fear of terrorism increased, especially in megacities, and the search for a solution came to the fore. The fact that the solutions developed in the fight against terrorism were recognized by the terrorist organizations after some time and they found new ways to adapt to the new situation led to the new terrorism targeting cities becoming a "wicked problem". In this study, starting from the need to consider the phenomenon of urban terrorism in the context of wicked problems, a conceptual framework on the subject is first set out and the relationship between terrorism and the city is mentioned. Then, using examples of urban terrorism in the world and in Turkey, its relationship with "wicked problems" is established and preventive approaches against terrorism are discussed.
Keywords
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