Writing Rules

Date of update: January 2026

As the article writing rules changed in January 2026, please do not consider articles published before this date as reference templates. Please click here to preview the design that will be used as of Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026). 

Click here to download the Word template.

Paper size and orientation

  • Paper size: A4 (21 cm × 29.7 cm / 8.27 in × 11.69 in) and portrait orientation.
  • Margins: 1.5 cm on all sides.

 

Font and text formatting

  • Font: Times New Roman.
  • Font size:
    • Article title: 14
    • Main headings, subheadings: 11
    • Abstracts: 10
    • Body text: 11
    • Table/figure captions: 11
    • Table contents: max.11
    • Table/figure note, source, and any footnotes: 10
  • Paragraph spacing:
    • Body text before and after: 6 pt
    • For text inside tables: 0 pt before and after
    • Introduction, main headings and other subheadings: 18 pt before and after
    • Table titles: 12 pt before and 0 pt after
    • Figure titles: 0 pt before and 12 pt after
    • Table/figure note or source: 0 pt before and 12 pt after
    • References 6 pt before and after, and a hanging indent (first line 0 cm, second line 0.5 cm)
  • First line indent (paragraph indent): None
  • Line spacing: Single

 

Abstract

  • Abstract should be at least 100 words and at most 200 words.
  • There must be at least 3 keywords (concepts), and the total number of words must not exceed 20.
  • Do not use conjunctions (e.g., “and”, “with”, etc.) in keywords, where possible.
  • The same words should not be repeated in the keywords, where possible.
  • For articles written in English, a Turkish title, abstract, and keywords are not required.

 

Headings, figures, and tables

  • No blank lines should be left above or below headings and table/figure captions.
  • Table titles must be placed above the table; figure (image, graph, etc.) titles must be placed below the figure.
  • Bold typeface must not be used except for headings and table/figure numbers (TABLE 1., FIGURE 1.).
  • The table note or source should appear below the table, and the figure note and source should appear below the caption.
  • Where possible, grayscale should be used in tables and figures; colored tables and figures should not be used unless strictly necessary.
  • As far as possible, the same table design should be used in all tables.
  • As far as possible, all tables and figures should be prepared by the author; tables should not be included as image excerpts from other sources.
  • In table contents, there must be no paragraph spacing, first line indent, or line spacing variations.
  • Figures and tables (and their titles) must be left-aligned, and tables should, as far as possible, extend to both sides of the page.

 

Other 

  • The article must not include author information or notes indicating that it is derived from a thesis, presentation, etc.
  • If a special font that is not included in Microsoft Word must be used, the font file must also be submitted.
  • It is recommended that hyperlinks (links) be removed from web addresses used in the text.
  • Authors must not add headers, footers, or page numbers, and must not make any modifications in these areas.
  • Abstracts and texts written in languages that are not the author’s native language should undergo professional proofreading before submission to ensure clarity and accuracy.

 

APA 7 Reference Style Guidelines

This rules has been prepared to ensure that references in manuscripts submitted to the journal comply with the APA 7th Edition (American Psychological Association) standards. Unless otherwise stated, all references must include author(s), year of publication, title of the work, publication information, and access details (DOI or URL).

 

General Writing Rules

  • Works that are not cited in the article must definitely not be included in the reference list.
  • Any work that is cited in the article must definitely be included in the reference list.
  • The reference list must be alphabetized by authors’ surnames.
  • Multiple works by the same author should be ordered chronologically by year.
  • Book and journal titles must be written in italics.
  • Article titles and book chapter titles should be written in plain text (not italicized).
  • When available, DOIs must be presented in URL format (https://doi.org/...).
  • Do not place a period at the end of URLs or DOIs.
  • Use the ampersand & only before the last author’s name.

 

Use of page numbers in in-text citations (Editorial recommendation)

  • Authors are encouraged to include page numbers throughout the manuscript in in-text citations.
  • Whichever citation style is preferred (with or without page numbers), it should be used throughout the entire manuscript, except for direct quotations, which must include page numbers.

 

REFERENCES WRITING EXAMPLES

 

Single author book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Example:

Ayub, M. (2007). Understanding Islamic Finance, John Wiley & Sons.

 

Book with two authors

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Example:

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics. McGraw-Hill.

 

Books with three or more authors

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., & Author, D. D. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Example:

Grosh, M., Ninno, C., Tesliuc, E., & Ouerghi, A. (2008). For protection and promotion: The design and implementation of effective safety nets. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

 

Translation book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (A. A. Translator & B. B. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Example:

Ayub, M. (2017). İslami finansı anlamak (S. A. Çürük & R. Parlakkaya, Trans.). İktisat Yayınları. (Original work published 2007)

Rowley, J. (1996). Bilginin düzenlenmesi: Bilgi erişimine giriş (S. Karakaş, H. Ü. Can, A. Yıldızeli, & B. Kayıran, Trans.). Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği. (Original work published 1992)

 

Editorial book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.

Example:

Smith, J. A. (2020). Ethical challenges in global finance. In R. K. Johnson & L. M. Perez (Eds.), Contemporary issues in financial studies (pp. 45–68). Oxford University Press.

 

Book with no identified author

Title of the book. (Year). Publisher.

Example:

The Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Oxford University Press.

 

Single authored article

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume(issue), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Example:

İlgün, M. F. (2015). Kamu sosyal harcamalarının gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisi: OECD ülkelerine yönelik panel veri analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(4), 493-516. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.80724 

 

Two authored article

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume(issue), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Example:

Meschi, E., & Vivarelli, M. (2009). Trade and income inequality in developing countries. World Development, 37(2), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.06.002 

 

Article with three or more authors

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume(issue), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Example:

Eroğlu, N., Altaş, D., Ün, T., & Ulu, M. İ. (2017). OECD ülkelerinde sosyal yardım harcamalarının gelir dağılımına etkisi: Panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 335-354. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/792862 

 

Dataset

Organization. (Year). Title of the data set [Data set / Indicator]. DOI or URL

Example:

OECD. (2020). Income inequality [Indicator]. https://doi.org/10.1787/459aa7f1-en

World Bank. (2020). Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) [Indicator]. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.NE.ZS

 

Unpublished thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the thesis [Unpublished master’s/doctoral thesis, University].

Example:

Çelik, S. (1999). Üniversite kütüphanelerinde personel yönetimi ve Türkiye’de durum [Unpublished master’s thesis, İstanbul University].

 

Online thesis or dissertation

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the thesis (Thesis No. xxxx) [Master’s/Doctoral thesis, University]. Repository. URL

Example:

Verberi, C. (2019). The effects of the individual retirement system on savings and capital markets in Turkey (Thesis No. 574461) [Master’s thesis, Istanbul University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=jNRDC1RLfVd4_T7x7ZXmmYf7gGLboB_qFGD-sjtWKilFQ-uWY4I91q8lN3vkYDI3 

 

Patent

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the patent [Patent No. xxxx]. Issuing Authority.

Example:

Sugözü, İ. H. (2014). Online news network [Patent No. TR201006041B]. Turkish Patent Institute.

 

Conference papers / proceedings

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the paper. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Location.

Example:

Sugözü, İ. H., & Duyshobay Kızı, A. (2023). Is the Fisher or Neo-Fisher effect valid in Asian countries? A panel data analysis on the causality between inflation and interest rates. In Abstracts & proceedings ICOPEC 2023 (pp. 65–74). 14th International Conference on Political Economy (ICOPEC), Istanbul, Turkey.

 

Newspaper article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Newspaper Title.

Example:

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today.

 

Institutional or unauthorized internet resources

Author/Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. URL

Example:

OECD. (2001, January 24). Decoupling: A conceptual overview. https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/agricultural-policies/25481500.pdf

İbn Haldun Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi. (2017). Yazar rehberi. https://journal.ihu.edu.tr/index.php/ihu1/about/submissions 

TCMB. (2021, 21 Temmuz). Başkan Şahap Kavcıoğlu'nun enflasyon raporu 2021-IIIün tanıtımına ilişkin bilgilendirme toplantısında yaptığı sunum (Ankara). https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/d272aadc-c685-47b5-84f7-c49b12b5646a/SunumB29_07_2021.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-d272aadc-c685-47b5-84f7-c49b12b5646a-nIbVIU5 

 

CITATION EXAMPLES:

(Gujarati, 2009, p. 365)

(Gujarati & Porter, 2009, p. 144)

(Ay et al., 2019, p. 45; Verberi, 2020, p. 164; Atar, 2015, p. 30)

(javscongress.com, 2025)

(OECD, 2020)

 

In the above example of a web-based presentation:

  • First citation: (Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye [CBRT], 2021)
  • Subsequent citations: (CBRT, 2021)
  • Narrative citation: Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (2021) or Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT, 2021)
  • Citation referring to a specific slide in the presentation: (CBRT, 2021, Slide 12)