Covid-19 Fobisinin Algılanan Strese Etkisi: Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Çalışanları Örneği
Author :
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetleri çalışanlarında Covid-19 fobisinin algılanan stres üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş olup, tüm evrene ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır (n=102). Çalışma Temmuz 2020-Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüş ve çalışma verileri yüz yüze olarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t, ANOVA, Pearson korelasyon ve basit regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, katılımcıların yaklaşık 3’te birinin algılanan stres düzeylerinin orta ve yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların Covid-19 fobisi düzeylerinin ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan stres açısından, 30 yaş ve altında olan, bekar olan ve paramedik unvanıyla çalışan katılımcıların stres düzeyleri anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde kadınların, 30 yaş ve altındaki katılımcıların ve Covid-19 tanısı alanların Covid-19 fobisi düzeyleri anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Covid-19 fobisi düzeyleri ile algılanan stres düzeyleri arasında orta düzeyde (r=.68), pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetleri çalışanlarının Covid-19 fobisi düzeyleri yükseldikçe, algıladıkları stres düzeyleri de artış göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda EMS professionals’ın Covid-19 fobilerindeki bir birimlik artışın, algıladıkları stres düzeyini 0.46 oranında artırdığı ifade edilebilir. Hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetleri çalışanlarında Covid-19 fobisi ve algınan stresin birbiriyle ilişkili olduğu ve bu ilişkinin belirlenmesine yönelik daha geniş çaplı araştırmaların yapılması ve buna yönelik girişimsel uygulamaların planlanması önerilmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Covid-19 phobia on perceived stress in prehospital emergency care professionals was investigated. No sampling method was implemented in this study, and it was tried to access the whole population (n = 102). The study was conducted between July 2020 and August 2020. The study data were collected through the face-to-face interview. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and simple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis revealed that the perceived stress levels were moderate or high in approximately one third of the prehospital EMS professionals. The participants' Covid-19 phobia levels were low. The perceived stress levels were significantly higher in the participants who were 30 years old or younger, single or working with the title of paramedic. Similarly, Covid-19 phobia levels were also significantly higher in women, participants aged 30 and under, and those diagnosed with Covid-19. There was a moderate (r = .68), positive and significant correlation between Covid-19 phobia levels and perceived stress levels. Therefore, as the Covid-19 phobia levels of prehospital EMS professionals increased, so did their perceived stress levels. The result of the regression analysis demonstrated that a one-unit increase in EMS professionals' Covid-19 phobia levels increased their perceived stress level by 0.46. A correlation was determined between Covid-19 phobia and the perceived stress in prehospital EMS professionals and thus it is recommended that larger-scale studies should be conducted to better determine this relationship and that interventional practices should be planned.
Keywords
- Alwidyan, M. T., Oteir, A. O., & Trainor, J. (2020). Working during pandemic disasters: views and predictors of ems providers. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 1-7. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.131
- American Psychiatric Association, (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®), New York, American Psychiatric Publication.
- Arpaci, I., Karataş, K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110108. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
- Babore, A., Lombardi, L., Viceconti, M.L., Pignataro, S., Marino, V., Crudele, M. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals. Psychiatry Research, (293):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113366
- Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., ... & Vespignani, A. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395-400. doi: 10.1126/science.aba9757
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 385-396. doi: 10.2307/2136404
- Devnani, M. (2012). Factors associated with the willingness of health care personnel to work during an influenza public health emergency: an integrative review. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 27(6), 551566. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X12001331
- Ehrlich, H., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(7), 1527-1528. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.024
- Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2014). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. International Journal of Surgery, 12(12):1495-499.
- Flesia, L., Fietta, V., Colicino, E., Segatto, B., Monaro, M. (2020). Stable psychological traits predict perceived stress related to the COVID-19 outbreak, 2020. doi:10.31234/osf.io/yb2h8
- Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(3), 466. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466
- Göksu, Ö., Kumcağız, H. (2020). Covid-19 salgınında bireylerde algılanan stres düzeyi ve kaygı düzeyleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4):463-79. doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
- Hoşgör, H., Aközlü, Z., & Gündüz Hoşgör, D. (2021). The perception concerning the COVID-19 pandemic: case of Turkey. The European Research Journal, 7(2):116-126. doi.org/10.18621/eurj.774757
- Hoşgör, H., Ülker Dörttepe, Z., & Sağcan, H. (2020). The effect of Covid-19 anxiety on the professional performances of emergency medical health services staff and demographic differences. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 7(3), 865-886. doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.793641
- Hui, D. S., Azhar, E. I., Madani, T. A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., ... & Petersen, E. (2020). The continuing 2019- nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International journal of infectious diseases, 91, 264-266. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009
- Islam, S. U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: a perception-based study. Heliyon, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04399
- Kim, C. W., & Song, H. R. (2017). Structural relationships among public’s risk characteristics, trust, risk perception and preventive behavioral intention: The case of MERS in Korea. Crisisnomy, 13, 85-95. doi: 10.14251/crisisonomy.2017.13.6.85
- Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
- Lee, S. A., Jobe, M. C., Mathis, A. A., & Gibbons, J. A. (2020). Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorders, 74, 102268. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268
- Leong, Y. C., Cheskes, S., Drennan, I. R., Buick, J. E., Latchmansingh, R. G., Verbeeck, P. R. (2020). Clinical considerations for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest management during COVID-19. Resuscitation Plus, 1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100027
- Liu, Z. G., Zhang, K. R., & Lu, Z. X. (2005). Follow-up study on phobia emotion of SARS patients. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 1, 62-64.
- Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID- 19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 102258. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
- Mora-Magaña, I., Lee, S. A., Maldonado-Castellanos, I., Jiménez-Gutierrez, C., Mendez-Venegas, J., Maya-Del- Moral, A., ... & Jobe, M. C. (2020). Coronaphobia among healthcare professionals in Mexico: A psychometric analysis. Death Studies, 1-11. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1808762
- Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland a literature review of selected theories dealing with job satisfaction and motivation 1990. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ed316767 (Accessed September 15, 2020).
- Polat, Ö. P., Coşkun, F. (2020). COVID-19 salgınında sağlık çalışanlarının kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımları ile depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, 4(2):51-8. doi: 10.29058/mjwbs.2020.2.3
- Spoorthy, M. S., Pratapa, S. K., & Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102119. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119
- Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, USA: Pearson Education, Incorporation.
- Tam, C. W., Pang, E. P., Lam, L. C., & Chiu, H. F. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychological medicine, 34(7), 1197-1204. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704002247
- Toprak, C. S., Karaaslan, Y., Mete, O., Özer, K. (2020). Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiology International, 1-8. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1815759
- Toreles, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Venrriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of Covid-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2020;66(4):1-4. doi: 10.1177/0020764020915212
- World Health Organization. Health worker Ebola infections in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone: Preliminary report 2015. Web site. https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/health-workerinfections/en/ (Accessed September 9, 2020).
