Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri, Ar-Ge ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: BRIC-T Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Kanıtlar
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Abstract
Günümüzde ekonomiler için teknolojilerin ve fikirlerin yayılmasında doğrudan yabancı yatırımların rolü tartışılmaktadır. Uluslararası yatırımlar özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde teknolojik gelişmeleri olumlu etkileyerek sermaye birikime katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT), araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları (AR-GE) ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. BRIC-T ülkelerinden oluşan bir panelde 2000-2017 dönemi için Panel Vektör Otomatik Regresyonu (PVAR) yöntemi kullanılarak bu ilişkinin yönü hakkında ampirik bulgular elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada aynı örneklem için dürtü cevap fonksiyonları (IRF) ve tahmin-hata varyans ayrıştırması (FEVD) tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular bağımsız değişkenlerin tamamının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Ampirik bulgular göre analizi yapılan ülkelerde ekonomik büyüme üzerinde en büyük etkinin sırasıyla DYY, AR-GE ve BİT değişkenlerine ait olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmadaki bulgular, analiz edilen ülkelerde sürdürülebilir bir büyümenin sağlanabilmesinde DYY için yatırım iklimini oluşturmaya yönelik politikaların uygulanmasının önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca ülke ekonomileri için teknolojik yenilikler uluslararası yatırımları etkileyen önemli bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Today, the role of foreign direct investment in the diffusion of technologies and ideas for economies is discussed. International investments contribute to capital accumulation especially in developing countries, by affecting technological developments. This study aims to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), information and communication technologies (ICT), research and development expenditures (R&D) and economic growth. Empirical findings about the direction of this relationship were obtained by using the Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) method for the period of 2000-2017 in a panel consisting of BRIC-T countries. In addition, impulse response functions (IRF) and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) were estimated for the same sample in the study. The findings obtained from analysis reveal that all of the independent variables have a significant effect on economic growth. According to the empirical findings, it was seen that the biggest impact on economic growth in the analyzed countries belong to FDI, R&D and ICT variables, respectively. Findings obtained from the study reveals the importance of implementing policies to create right investment climate for FDI to ensure sustainable growth in analyzed countries. Moreover, technological innovations for national economies appear as an important factor affecting international investments.
Keywords
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